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- <text id=90TT3433>
- <title>
- Dec. 24, 1990: Wrong Message, Wrong Time
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 24, 1990 What Is Kuwait?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 22
- Wrong Message, Wrong Time
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Anthony Catanese, president of Florida Atlantic University,
- called the decision "lunacy." Ernest Boyer, president of the
- Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, found it
- "startling." Even Kevin Pritchett, editor in chief of the
- right-wing Dartmouth Review, considered it "quite disturbing."
- </p>
- <p> It was hard to find anyone last week in the education world
- who did not express dismay at a Washington bureaucrat's
- decision to bar federal aid to colleges and universities that
- offer scholarships restricted to minority students. The amount
- of money at risk is likely to be small, since need-based aid
- and minority scholarships established by private organizations
- like the United Negro College Fund remain legal. Colleges may
- also continue to take race into account in awarding money so
- long as it is not the only factor involved--and financial
- need rather than race is often the dominant consideration in
- scholarship aid anyway.
- </p>
- <p> Nonetheless, the symbolism of the decision was potent, and
- educators reacted accordingly. "This is an example of something
- that in the abstract looks like good principle but that results
- in horrible policy," says Robert Zemsky, director of the
- Institute for Research on Higher Education at the University
- of Pennsylvania. "It is the wrong message at the wrong time."
- Even the White House was distancing itself from the policy,
- pointing out that it came from the bowels of the Education
- Department. At week's end President Bush called for a review of
- the decision.
- </p>
- <p> The department's rationale for the ban is Title VI of the
- 1964 Civil Rights Act, which forbids racial or ethnic
- discrimination by organizations receiving federal funds. "You
- can't have a whites-only scholarship," says Chester Finn Jr.,
- a Reagan-era education official. "Why should there be
- scholarships exclusively for minorities?"
- </p>
- <p> The policy decision arose almost by accident, after reports
- that organizers of Arizona's Fiesta Bowl planned to contribute
- $100,000 to each of the two colleges fielding teams for the
- football game. The money would be designated for minority
- scholarships. Bowl officials hoped the offer would neutralize
- criticism of Arizona's refusal to make Martin Luther King Jr.'s
- birthday a state holiday, which had led to a call for colleges
- to boycott the game. But in a Dec. 4 letter, Michael Williams,
- Assistant Secretary of Education for Civil Rights, advised
- Fiesta organizers that such "race exclusive" scholarships were
- probably illegal.
- </p>
- <p> Once the news spread, colleges took a range of precautions.
- Dartmouth abruptly put on hold its planned announcement of a
- $20,000-a-year Thurgood Marshall Dissertation Fellowship. Johns
- Hopkins sought advice from its lawyers. Other institutions were
- more defiant. The American Council on Education, a lobbying and
- research organization, told its 1,800 member colleges and
- universities to ignore the opinion. Declared Florida Atlantic's
- Catanese: "We are not going to adhere to this directive because
- we think it is wrong."
- </p>
- <p> The fact is that much of the controversy stems from the
- fragility of black gains in higher education. According to the
- most recent statistics, black enrollment at U.S. colleges in
- 1988 was 8.7% of the national total. That marked a mild gain
- over the previous two years, but is still low considering that
- blacks represent about 12.4% of the U.S. population. "If we
- were color-blind as a nation, then ending these scholarships
- would be understandable," says Gina Smith, 19, the first
- recipient of a joint Hope College-University of Michigan
- scholarship for minority students interested in medicine. "But
- we're not there yet."
- </p>
- <p>By Susan Tifft. With reporting by Jerome Cramer/Washington and
- Richard Woodbury/Houston.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-